This dataset contains water point assessment data collected during an emergency flood response in Malawi between 2019 and 2020. The survey was conducted under the BASEflow program to evaluate the status, functionality, and safety of water points affected by flooding events.
Data collection and subsequent data cleaning were conducted using the mWater platform. The dataset includes geospatial coordinates, functionality status, user population estimates, reported mechanical and structural issues, pumping performance metrics, sediment observations, and field-based water quality test information.
The survey covered the following districts in Malawi:
-
Zomba
-
Mangochi
-
Chikwawa
-
Balaka
-
Nsanje
-
Blantyre
-
Machinga
The primary purpose of this dataset is to support emergency response planning, infrastructure rehabilitation prioritization, and monitoring of rural water supply systems in flood-affected areas.
This dataset can be used for:
-
Humanitarian WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) response analysis
-
Geospatial mapping of water point functionality
-
Infrastructure vulnerability assessments
-
Evidence-based resource allocation during disaster recovery
You can install the development version of mwefloodresponse from GitHub with:
# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("openwashdata/mwefloodresponse")## Run the following code in console if you don't have the packages
## install.packages(c("dplyr", "knitr", "readr", "stringr", "gt", "kableExtra"))
library(dplyr)
library(knitr)
library(readr)
library(stringr)
library(gt)
library(kableExtra)Alternatively, you can download the individual datasets as a CSV or XLSX file from the table below.
- Click Download CSV. A window opens that displays the CSV in your browser.
- Right-click anywhere inside the window and select “Save Page As…”.
- Save the file in a folder of your choice.
| dataset | CSV | XLSX |
|---|---|---|
| mwefloodresponse | Download CSV | Download XLSX |
The package provides access to water point assessment data collected during an emergency flood response in Malawi between 2019 and 2020.
library(mwefloodresponse)The dataset mwefloodresponse contains 319 observations and 40
variables
mwefloodresponse |>
head(3) |>
gt::gt() |>
gt::as_raw_html()| submitted_on | district | community | people_using | photo_water_point | latitude | longitude | depth | currently_submerged | likely_submerged | functional_status | water_pump_possible | problems_reported | water_quality_problems | civil_works_problems | photo_civil_works | pump_problems | photo_pump_problems | pump_operational_feel | time_to_pump_20l | strokes_to_yield | sediment_presence | water_quality_tests | electrical_conductivity | conductivity_units | total_dissolved_solids | ph | temperature_c | turbidity_tube | turbidity_tube_units | turbidity_electronic_ntu | comments | microbiological_test | test_method | sample_type | sample_date | color_change_mpn | color_change_upper95 | color_change_health | color_change_image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4/5/2019 | Nsanje | Sandram village | 0 | https://api.mwater.co/v3/images/06b48d45a7e447ba8f95d763f9820ea5; https://api.mwater.co/v3/images/26cc941b0cc248eeb53189bba709e7d2 | -16.46502 | 35.18280 | 48.0 | No | Yes | Not functional | NA | Soil erosion or collapse around the water point, Damage or problem with pump | NA | NA | NA | Pump loose at the point of attachment, Damage to pump head or handle | https://api.mwater.co/v3/images/c8377d0c3efa43c188aab9fd89cc2fe1 | Handle cannot be moved | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | No water coming out of the borehole, it hasn't been functional for about a year | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 4/7/2019 | Nsanje | Khope scho | 358 | https://api.mwater.co/v3/images/0ab79f294201470395abbe65e637f8bf; https://api.mwater.co/v3/images/a27544c1609f40fcb68ace6b53fc2c53 | -16.64987 | 35.19275 | NA | No | No | Partially functional but in need of repair | Yes | Water quality, Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc | Bad taste, Salinity / saltiness | Platform cracked or damaged , Pedestal cracked or damaged, Drainage channel cracked, broken, or in need of cleaning, Fence/barrier is missing or damaged | https://api.mwater.co/v3/images/af75be3379634e9a8e9a644c9bb64330 | NA | NA | Significant friction (very stiff) on up stroke, Significant friction (very stiff) at all times, Can only be moved with extreme force, Significant sideways movement on handle (loose/wobbly) | 204.214 | 5 | Present | Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, Temperature, Turbidity (by Turbidity Tube), Turbidity (by electronic turbidimeter), Microbiological or fecal indicator test | 9.15 | ĂŽÂĽS / cm | NA | 7.8 | 35.7 | 5 | JTU | NA | The bolehole is totally broken down when pumping water so many rickadges making water difficult to feel the 20 little backet | E. coli | Aquagenx Compartment Bag Test (CBT) | Point of collection | 4/6/2019 | 100 | 9435.1 | unsafe | https://api.mwater.co/v3/images/45608ae9ae8f47189ad3e3914541b2ee |
| 4/7/2019 | Nsanje | Khope school | 1065 | https://api.mwater.co/v3/images/37e765754f3c4785a030a7339c5fa4a3; https://api.mwater.co/v3/images/2f1d237eb79e4dfc9f10e09ba5a13a91 | -16.64930 | 35.19196 | 38.7 | No | No | Partially functional but in need of repair | Yes | Water quality | Bad taste, Salinity / saltiness | NA | NA | NA | NA | Very light | 58.956 | 2 | Absent | Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, Temperature, Turbidity (by Turbidity Tube) | 4.36 | mS / cm | NA | 7.6 | 33.5 | 5 | JTU | NA | The person I talked to complained about salty water said they used the water just for washing | E. coli | Aquagenx Compartment Bag Test (CBT) | Point of collection | 4/5/2019 | 100 | 9435.1 | unsafe | https://api.mwater.co/v3/images/68e2c5cada9b4d3186f4ebde835a5f2f |
For an overview of the variable names, see the following table.
readr::read_csv("data-raw/dictionary.csv") |>
dplyr::filter(file_name == "mwefloodresponse.rda") |>
dplyr::select(variable_name:description) |>
knitr::kable() |>
kableExtra::kable_styling("striped") |>
kableExtra::scroll_box(height = "200px")
#> Rows: 40 Columns: 5
#> ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#> Delimiter: ","
#> chr (5): directory, file_name, variable_name, variable_type, description
#>
#> â„ą Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
#> â„ą Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.|
variable_name |
variable_type |
description |
|---|---|---|
|
submitted_on |
character |
Date and time the survey record was submitted |
|
district |
character |
Administrative district where the water point is located |
|
community |
character |
Name of the local community or village |
|
people_using |
numeric |
Number of people currently using the water point |
|
photo_water_point |
character |
link of photo showing the water point |
|
latitude |
numeric |
GPS latitude of the water point |
|
longitude |
numeric |
GPS longitude of the water point |
|
depth |
numeric |
Measured depth of the water source |
|
currently_submerged |
character |
Indicator of whether the water point is submerged at the time of survey |
|
likely_submerged |
character |
Assessment of whether the water point was submerged during the recent flooding |
|
functional_status |
character |
Operational status of the water point |
|
water_pump_possible |
character |
Ability to pump water at the time of the visit |
|
problems_reported |
character |
Observed or reported problems at the water point |
|
water_quality_problems |
character |
Issues affecting water quality |
|
civil_works_problems |
character |
Problems affecting the water point infrastructure |
|
photo_civil_works |
character |
link of photo showing civil works problems |
|
pump_problems |
character |
Problems observed with the water pump |
|
photo_pump_problems |
character |
link of photo showing pump problems |
|
pump_operational_feel |
character |
Subjective assessment of the pump operation |
|
time_to_pump_20l |
numeric |
Time taken to pump 20 liters of water |
|
strokes_to_yield |
numeric |
Number of strokes required to yield water |
|
sediment_presence |
character |
Presence or absence of sediment in the water |
|
water_quality_tests |
character |
Field tests performed on water quality |
|
electrical_conductivity |
numeric |
Measured electrical conductivity of the water |
|
conductivity_units |
character |
Units used for electrical conductivity measurement |
|
total_dissolved_solids |
numeric |
Measured total dissolved solids in water |
|
ph |
numeric |
Measured pH of the water |
|
temperature_c |
numeric |
Water temperature in Celsius |
|
turbidity_tube |
numeric |
Turbidity measured using a tube method |
|
turbidity_tube_units |
character |
Units used for turbidity tube measurement |
|
turbidity_electronic_ntu |
numeric |
Turbidity measured using an electronic turbidimeter |
|
comments |
character |
Additional observations recorded by the surveyor |
|
microbiological_test |
character |
Type of microbiological test performed |
|
test_method |
character |
Method used to perform the microbiological test |
|
sample_type |
character |
Type of water sample collected |
|
sample_date |
character |
Date the water sample was collected |
|
color_change_mpn |
numeric |
MPN count from color-change test indicating bacterial contamination |
|
color_change_upper95 |
numeric |
Upper 95 percent confidence interval for MPN count |
|
color_change_health |
character |
Health risk classification based on color-change results |
|
color_change_image |
character |
link of photo showing compartments that changed color |
library(mwefloodresponse)
# Visualization 1: Map of Water Points
# Show waterpoint functionality
# Load required libraries
library(leaflet)
library(dplyr)
library(htmltools)
library(scales)
# Validate coordinates
df <- mwefloodresponse %>%
mutate(
latitude = as.numeric(latitude),
longitude = as.numeric(longitude),
people_using = as.numeric(people_using)
) %>%
filter(!is.na(latitude), !is.na(longitude))
# Assign specific colors to each functional status category
status_pal <- colorFactor(
palette = c(
"Functional" = "green",
"Partially Functional" = "orange",
"Not Functional" = "red"
),
domain = df$functional_status
)
# Rescale number of people using the water point
# Bubble size will range between 4 and 15
df <- df %>%
mutate(
people_scaled = rescale(people_using, to = c(4, 15))
)
# Displays district, community, status, population, problems, and water quality result
df <- df %>%
mutate(
popup_content = paste0(
"<b>District:</b> ", district, "<br>",
"<b>Community:</b> ", community, "<br>",
"<b>Functional Status:</b> ", functional_status, "<br>",
"<b>People Using:</b> ", people_using, "<br>",
"<b>Problems Reported:</b> ",
ifelse(is.na(problems_reported), "None reported", problems_reported), "<br>",
"<b>Water Quality Result:</b> ",
ifelse(is.na(color_change_health), "No test result", color_change_health)
)
)
leaflet(df) %>%
# Add base map tiles
addProviderTiles("CartoDB.Positron") %>%
# Add circle markers for each water point
addCircleMarkers(
lng = ~longitude,
lat = ~latitude,
radius = ~people_scaled,
fillColor = ~status_pal(functional_status),
color = "#333333",
weight = 1,
fillOpacity = 0.8,
popup = ~HTML(popup_content)
) %>%
# Add legend to explain functional status colors
addLegend(
"bottomright",
pal = status_pal,
values = ~functional_status,
title = "Functional Status",
opacity = 1
)Community:<\/b> Sandram village
Functional Status:<\/b> Not functional
People Using:<\/b> 0
Problems Reported:<\/b> Soil erosion or collapse around the water point, Damage or problem with pump
Water Quality Result:<\/b> No test result District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Khope scho
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 358
Problems Reported:<\/b> Water quality, Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc
Water Quality Result:<\/b> unsafe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Khope school
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 1065
Problems Reported:<\/b> Water quality
Water Quality Result:<\/b> unsafe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Phokera camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Functional
People Using:<\/b> 1568
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc, Soil erosion or collapse around the water point
Water Quality Result:<\/b> unsafe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Chilimba camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Functional
People Using:<\/b> 1210
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc
Water Quality Result:<\/b> unsafe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Sandram camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 680
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc, Soil erosion or collapse around the water point
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Chapinga Camp but borehole located in Fole village
Functional Status:<\/b> Functional
People Using:<\/b> 2600
Problems Reported:<\/b> Soil erosion or collapse around the water point
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Old lalanje camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Not functional
People Using:<\/b> 351
Problems Reported:<\/b> Water quality, Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc, Damage or problem with pump
Water Quality Result:<\/b> No test result District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Old lalanje school
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> NA
Problems Reported:<\/b> Water quality, Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc, Damage or problem with pump
Water Quality Result:<\/b> No test result District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Ntolongo 2
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 250
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc, Damage or problem with pump
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Bangula camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Not functional
People Using:<\/b> 2013
Problems Reported:<\/b> It's not working
Water Quality Result:<\/b> No test result District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Tongo2 VILLAGE
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 750
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage or problem with pump, Soil erosion or collapse around the water point
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Nyachilenda Camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Functional
People Using:<\/b> 3479
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Ntolongo camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 1200
Problems Reported:<\/b> Soil erosion or collapse around the water point, Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc
Water Quality Result:<\/b> unsafe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Msambokulira village
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 850
Problems Reported:<\/b> Soil erosion or collapse around the water point
Water Quality Result:<\/b> possibly_safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Msambokulira village
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 360
Problems Reported:<\/b> Water quality, Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc, Damage or problem with pump, Soil erosion or collapse around the water point
Water Quality Result:<\/b> unsafe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Nyamithuthu camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Functional
People Using:<\/b> 974
Problems Reported:<\/b> No problems
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Nyamithuthu camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Not functional
People Using:<\/b> 794
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage or problem with pump, Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc
Water Quality Result:<\/b> unsafe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Nyamithuthu camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Functional
People Using:<\/b> 720
Problems Reported:<\/b> Water quality
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Kachere camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Functional
People Using:<\/b> 232
Problems Reported:<\/b> Soil erosion or collapse around the water point, Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc
Water Quality Result:<\/b> unsafe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Bangula camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 6012
Problems Reported:<\/b> No problems , Water quality
Water Quality Result:<\/b> unsafe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Phokera camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Functional
People Using:<\/b> 5002
Problems Reported:<\/b> No problems
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Madani Village near catholic Church
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 600
Problems Reported:<\/b> Water quality
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Mpatsa camp near mpatsa primary school
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 4750
Problems Reported:<\/b> Soil erosion or collapse around the water point
Water Quality Result:<\/b> No test result District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> chikunkhu 1 near school
Functional Status:<\/b> Not functional
People Using:<\/b> 2500
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage or problem with pump, Soil erosion or collapse around the water point
Water Quality Result:<\/b> No test result District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Katunga village
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 315
Problems Reported:<\/b> Soil erosion or collapse around the water point, Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Guta village
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 650
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc, Soil erosion or collapse around the water point
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Ngoza camp near mpas village1
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 1110
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc, Soil erosion or collapse around the water point
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Mgoza primary school
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 4350
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc, Damage or problem with pump
Water Quality Result:<\/b> probably_safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Kachere camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Functional
People Using:<\/b> 265
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc, Damage or problem with pump, Soil erosion or collapse around the water point
Water Quality Result:<\/b> No test result District:<\/b> Balaka
Community:<\/b> Mthunzi
Functional Status:<\/b> Not functional
People Using:<\/b> 250
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc, Damage or problem with pump
Water Quality Result:<\/b> No test result District:<\/b> Balaka
Community:<\/b> Mthunzi
Functional Status:<\/b> Not functional
People Using:<\/b> 250
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc, Damage or problem with pump
Water Quality Result:<\/b> No test result District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Mphamba camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Not functional
People Using:<\/b> 608
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage or problem with pump, Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc
Water Quality Result:<\/b> No test result District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Ngoza primary school
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 3660
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc
Water Quality Result:<\/b> No test result District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Mpepe camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 3204
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc
Water Quality Result:<\/b> unsafe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Mpepe camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 321
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc
Water Quality Result:<\/b> unsafe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Mphamba camp
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> NA
Problems Reported:<\/b> No problems
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Kalumbi
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 959
Problems Reported:<\/b> Damage to civil works - platform, well head, riser etc
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Chingwe villange
Functional Status:<\/b> Partially functional but in need of repair
People Using:<\/b> 1500
Problems Reported:<\/b> Water quality, No problems
Water Quality Result:<\/b> safe District:<\/b> Nsanje
Community:<\/b> Ndenguma near the market