UNIVERSITY OF WEST ATTICA
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS

University of West Attica · Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics

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Computer Programming

C Programming Fundamentals

Vasileios Evangelos Athanasiou
Student ID: 19390005

GitHub · LinkedIn

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Supervision

Supervisor: Nikolaos Vassilas, Professor

UNIWA Profile

Co-supervisor: Georgios Meletiou, Laboratory Teaching Staff

UNIWA Profile

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Athens, November 2021

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README

C Programming Fundamentals

The project covers fundamental concepts of the C programming language, with emphasis on variables, standard input/output, operators, and increment mechanisms, supported by practical source code examples.

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Table of Contents

Section	Folder / File	Description
1	assign/	Assignment material
1.1	assign/project2.png	Assignment description / problem statement (English)
1.2	assign/εργασία2.png	Assignment description / problem statement (Greek)
2	docs/	Theoretical documentation
2.1	docs/Basic-Elements.pdf	Basic programming elements and concepts (English)
2.2	docs/Βασικά-Στοιχεία.pdf	Basic programming elements and concepts (Greek)
3	src/	Source code implementations
3.1	src/CubeSphere.c	Geometric computation: cube–sphere problem
3.2	src/MathsIntegers.c	Integer arithmetic and mathematical operations
4	README.md	Repository overview and instructions

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1. Theory Topics Covered

1.1 Variables

A variable is a designated memory location used to temporarily store data during program execution.

1.2 Characteristics

• The stored data can change during execution.
• Users define meaningful variable names for easier understanding and maintenance.

1.3 Common Data Types

• int – Integers
• float, double – Decimal (floating-point) numbers
• char – Single characters
• bool – Logical (true/false) values

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2. Standard Input / Output (I/O)

2.1 Standard Input

• The input channel, usually the keyboard, used to enter data into a program.
• Function: scanf()
  • Reads user input.
  • Stores it in a variable using the address-of operator (&).

2.2 Standard Output

• The output channel, usually the screen, used to display program data.
• Function: printf()
  • Prints text messages or variable values to the console.

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3. Operators

3.1 Arithmetic Operators

Used to perform mathematical calculations:

• Addition (+)
• Subtraction (-)
• Multiplication (*)
• Division (/)
• Modulus (%)

3.2 Relational Operators

Used to compare values and return:

• 1 (True) or 0 (False)

Examples:

• ==, !=, <, >

3.3 Logical Operators

Used to combine or negate conditions:

Operator	Description
&& (AND)	Produces 1 only if both operands are 1
|| (OR)	Produces 1 if at least one operand is 1
! (NOT)	Reverses the logical value (1 → 0, 0 → 1)

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4. Increment Operators

• Pre-increment (++x)
  Increases the variable value by one before it is used in an expression.

• Post-increment (x++)
  Uses the current value of the variable before increasing it by one.

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5. Source Code Documentation

The following programs are included and fully documented in the report:

• MathsIntegers.c
  Focuses on:

  • Integer arithmetic
  • Program structure
  • Variable usage and value flow

• CubeSphere.c
  Covers:

  • Calculations related to geometric shapes
  • Example computations
  • Technical remarks and implementation details