programming-concepts

Procedural - a type of imperative programming in which the program is build from
  one or more procedures, no direct association between your data types and your functions,
  modern processors provide hardware to support prodeurual programming

Imperative - giving an authoritative command 
  mutate state whenever we feel like it
  imperative programming focuses on describing how the program should operates, most 
  describe a programm as a list of commands telling it how to do something
  most imperative programming languages are also proceural allowing you to separate
  code into funcitons/subroutines, or mini programss you cann and return from
  assembly is an example of an imperative non-proceural programming language
  imperative programmin can use GOTO commands to send you to some other part of the
  program, but thes are not the same as proceures


Proceure vs Method vs Function
  Procedure, function, and methods are not strict ideas but gererally...
    Procedures are sub programs that modify state (side effects) but don't 
      necessairly take any inputs and don't return anything... aka subroutines
    Methods are functions that close over a set of varialbes. They take zero 
      or more inputs and may change state of the thing they are a part of, an object 
      or a closure/scope. They may or may not return a value
    Functions take zero or more inputs and can return values, they may modify
      state outside of the function (side effects), if they simply take input and 
      return values without causing side effects they are calle Pure Functions

Structural programming
  old term, emcompasses funtional and proceural programming, using control flow
  structures rather than jumping around directly from instruction to instruction
  (goto style)
  if/then/else/elif and do/while/until/for-loops are structured programming 
  conepts

Fuctional programming 
  funtions as first class element. Higher order functions (funtions can return
  functions) are a thing. Functions are pure: given an input return same output 
  always. 
  The ability to treat functions as values
  Funtional style programming concerns it self with the combination of functions
  needed to tranform an initial value to a final output
  Funtional programming is a subset of delariative programming

Declarative programming - describe what you want to do now how to do it


Encasulation can mean two things
  restricting access to the objects components
  a language construct that facilitates bundling of data with methods 
    operation on data

Orthogonality in programming desing is the bablity to use various language features
  in arbitrary combination with consiten resutls. 
  When you execute an instruction nothing but that instruction happens




"Funtional programming is like describing your problem to a mathamatician. 
Imperative programming is like giving instuctions to an idiot.""

..............Object Oriented is Bad lecture................
Proceural Imperative - the default way to program
  problme, shared state can get out of hand

answers to problem:
procedural & functional (minimize state)
object oriented and imperative (segregate state)
object oriented and functional (do both)
 Use functional ideas to miniminze state
 whatever is left over separate into separate units of encasulation