a11yExamples/accessible-example.html at main · bobdodd/a11yExamples · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"> <!-- lang attribute helps screen readers use correct pronunciation -->
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <!-- Ensures proper scaling on mobile devices -->
    <title>Accessible Webpage Example</title> <!-- Descriptive title for screen readers and browser tabs -->

    <!-- NOTE: In a production environment, it's better to link external CSS files.
         Embedded styles are used here only for demonstration purposes. -->
    <style>
        /* Accessible CSS Styles */

        /* Global styles with sufficient color contrast (WCAG 2.1 AA requires 4.5:1 for normal text) */
        :root {
            --text-color: #333333;
            --background-color: #ffffff;
            --primary-color: #0056b3;
            --focus-color: #ff8c00;
            --error-color: #d32f2f;
        }

        body {
            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
            /* System font stack improves readability across devices */
            color: var(--text-color);
            background-color: var(--background-color);
            line-height: 1.5; /* Improved line height for readability */
            max-width: 1200px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 1rem;
        }

        /* Skip link for keyboard users to bypass navigation */
        .skip-link {
            position: absolute;
            top: -40px;
            left: 0;
            background: var(--primary-color);
            color: white;
            padding: 8px;
            z-index: 100;
            /* Skip link appears when it receives focus */
            transition: top 0.3s ease;
        }

        .skip-link:focus {
            top: 0;
        }

        /* Focus states must be visible for keyboard navigation (WCAG 2.1 2.4.7) */
        :focus {
            outline: 3px solid var(--focus-color);
            outline-offset: 2px;
        }

        /* Prevent animations for users who prefer reduced motion */
        @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
            * {
                animation-duration: 0.001ms !important;
                animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
                transition-duration: 0.001ms !important;
                scroll-behavior: auto !important;
            }
        }

        /* Header and navigation */
        header {
            margin-bottom: 2rem;
            padding-bottom: 1rem;
            border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
        }

        nav ul {
            display: flex;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            list-style: none;
            padding: 0;
            gap: 1rem;
        }

        nav a {
            color: var(--primary-color);
            text-decoration: none;
            padding: 0.5rem;
            display: inline-block;
            border-radius: 4px;
        }

        nav a:hover,
        nav a:focus {
            text-decoration: underline;
            background-color: rgba(0, 86, 179, 0.1);
        }

        nav a[aria-current="page"] {
            font-weight: bold;
            border-bottom: 2px solid var(--primary-color);
        }

        /* Section and content styling */
        section {
            margin-bottom: 2rem;
        }

        h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
            margin-top: 0;
            color: #222;
            line-height: 1.2;
        }

        /* Image handling */
        img {
            max-width: 100%;
            height: auto; /* Preserve aspect ratio */
            border-radius: 4px;
        }

        /* Form styling with accessible input fields */
        .form-group {
            margin-bottom: 1rem;
        }

        label {
            display: block;
            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
            font-weight: bold;
        }

        input,
        textarea,
        select {
            width: 100%;
            padding: 0.75rem;
            border: 1px solid #ccc;
            border-radius: 4px;
            font-size: 1rem;
            line-height: 1.5;
        }

        /* Increase tap target size for better mobile accessibility (WCAG 2.1 2.5.5) */
        button,
        input[type="submit"] {
            background-color: var(--primary-color);
            color: white;
            border: none;
            padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
            border-radius: 4px;
            font-size: 1rem;
            cursor: pointer;
            min-height: 44px; /* Minimum 44x44px tap target */
        }

        button:hover,
        input[type="submit"]:hover {
            background-color: #004494;
        }

        /* Accessible error states */
        .error-message {
            color: var(--error-color);
            font-size: 0.875rem;
            margin-top: 0.5rem;
        }

        input.error,
        textarea.error {
            border-color: var(--error-color);
        }

        /* Radio buttons and checkboxes */
        .radio-group {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
        }

        .radio-group input[type="radio"],
        .radio-group input[type="checkbox"] {
            width: auto;
            margin-right: 0.5rem;
        }

        .radio-group label {
            margin-bottom: 0;
            display: inline;
        }

        fieldset {
            border: 1px solid #ddd;
            padding: 1rem;
            margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
            border-radius: 4px;
        }

        legend {
            padding: 0 0.5rem;
            font-weight: bold;
        }

        /* Help text for form elements */
        .help-text {
            font-size: 0.875rem;
            color: #555;
            margin-top: 0.25rem;
        }

        /* Tab interface */
        .tabs {
            display: flex;
            border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
            margin-bottom: 1rem;
        }

        .tabs button {
            background: none;
            color: var(--text-color);
            border: none;
            padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
            margin-right: 0.25rem;
            border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
        }

        .tabs button[aria-selected="true"] {
            border-bottom-color: var(--primary-color);
            color: var(--primary-color);
            font-weight: bold;
        }

        [role="tabpanel"] {
            padding: 1rem;
            border: 1px solid #ddd;
            border-top: none;
            border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px;
        }

        /* Footer styling */
        footer {
            margin-top: 3rem;
            padding-top: 1.5rem;
            border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
        }

        .footer-links {
            display: flex;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            list-style: none;
            padding: 0;
            gap: 1rem;
        }

        /* Responsive design */
        @media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
            nav ul {
                flex-direction: column;
            }

            nav a {
                display: block;
            }

            .tabs {
                flex-direction: column;
            }

            .tabs button {
                width: 100%;
                text-align: left;
            }
        }

        /* Documentation section styling */
        .documentation {
            background-color: #f8f9fa;
            padding: 1rem;
            border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-color);
            margin: 2rem 0;
        }

        .documentation code {
            background-color: #eee;
            padding: 0.2rem 0.4rem;
            border-radius: 3px;
            font-family: monospace;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <!-- Documentation notice -->
    <div class="documentation">
        <h2>About This Example</h2>
        <p>This single HTML file contains embedded CSS for demonstration purposes only. In a production environment, you should:</p>
        <ul>
            <li>Separate HTML, CSS, and JavaScript into different files</li>
            <li>Minify resources to improve loading performance</li>
            <li>Consider using semantic HTML5 elements throughout your document</li>
            <li>Test with actual assistive technologies like screen readers</li>
        </ul>
    </div>

    <!-- Skip link allows keyboard users to bypass navigation -->
    <a href="#main-content" class="skip-link">Skip to main content</a>

    <header>
        <!-- Use semantic elements like header to define page structure -->
        <h1>Accessible Webpage Example</h1> <!-- Always include a single h1 as the main heading -->

        <!-- Navigation with ARIA landmarks helps screen reader users navigate -->
        <nav aria-label="Main Navigation">
            <ul>
                <!-- List structure provides semantic meaning to navigation items -->
                <li><a href="#" aria-current="page">Home</a></li> <!-- aria-current indicates current page -->
                <li><a href="#">About</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Services</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
            </ul>
        </nav>
    </header>

    <main id="main-content"> <!-- ID connects to the skip link target -->
        <section>
            <h2>Welcome to Our Accessible Website</h2> <!-- Proper heading hierarchy is essential -->
            <p>This example demonstrates accessible HTML structure with explanatory comments.</p>

            <!-- Images must have alt text for screen readers -->
            <!-- In a real site, replace with actual image paths -->
            <div style="width:400px;height:300px;background:#eee;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;">
                [Image: A person using a computer with assistive technology]
                <!-- This is just a placeholder. In a real site, use:
                <img src="image.jpg" alt="A person using a computer with assistive technology" width="400" height="300"> -->
            </div>
            <!-- Including dimensions prevents layout shifts during loading -->

            <!-- For decorative images that should be ignored by screen readers -->
            <div style="width:200px;height:100px;background:#f5f5f5;margin-top:1rem;">
                <!-- This is just a placeholder. In a real site, use:
                <img src="decorative-element.jpg" alt="" role="presentation"> -->
            </div>
        </section>

        <section>
            <h2>Form Example</h2>
            <!-- Forms need proper labels, grouping, and error handling -->
            <form>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="name">Your Name</label> <!-- Labels must be associated with inputs -->
                    <input type="text" id="name" name="name" required aria-required="true">
                    <!-- required and aria-required provide redundancy for different assistive technologies -->
                </div>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="email">Email Address</label>
                    <input type="email" id="email" name="email" required aria-required="true">
                    <!-- Use semantic input types like 'email' for better mobile keyboards and validation -->
                </div>

                <fieldset> <!-- Fieldset groups related form controls -->
                    <legend>Preferred Contact Method</legend> <!-- Legend describes the group -->

                    <div class="radio-group">
                        <input type="radio" id="contact-email" name="contact-method" value="email">
                        <label for="contact-email">Email</label>
                    </div>

                    <div class="radio-group">
                        <input type="radio" id="contact-phone" name="contact-method" value="phone">
                        <label for="contact-phone">Phone</label>
                    </div>
                </fieldset>

                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="message">Your Message</label>
                    <textarea id="message" name="message" rows="5" aria-describedby="message-help"></textarea>
                    <p id="message-help" class="help-text">Please provide details about your inquiry.</p>
                    <!-- aria-describedby connects the input to its description -->
                </div>

                <button type="submit">Submit</button> <!-- Use button rather than input for better styling control -->
            </form>
        </section>

        <section>
            <h2>Interactive Example</h2>

            <!-- Tab interfaces need proper ARIA roles -->
            <div class="tabs" role="tablist">
                <button id="tab1" role="tab" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="panel1">Tab 1</button>
                <button id="tab2" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="panel2">Tab 2</button>
                <button id="tab3" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="panel3">Tab 3</button>
            </div>

            <div id="panel1" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1">
                <p>This is the content for Tab 1. Tab interfaces must be keyboard accessible and properly labeled.</p>
            </div>

            <div id="panel2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab2" hidden>
                <p>Content for Tab 2 would appear here.</p>
            </div>

            <div id="panel3" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3" hidden>
                <p>Content for Tab 3 would appear here.</p>
            </div>
        </section>
    </main>

    <footer>
        <!-- Semantically marked as footer -->
        <p>&copy; 2025 Accessible Website Example</p>

        <!-- Links with descriptive text help all users understand their purpose -->
        <ul class="footer-links">
            <li><a href="#">Privacy Policy</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Terms of Service</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Accessibility Statement</a></li>
        </ul>
    </footer>

    <!-- NOTE: In a production environment, it's better to link external JavaScript files.
         Embedded script is used here only for demonstration purposes. -->
    <script>
        // Make tabs work with both mouse and keyboard
        document.querySelectorAll('[role="tab"]').forEach(tab => {
            tab.addEventListener('click', () => {
                // Deselect all tabs
                document.querySelectorAll('[role="tab"]').forEach(t => {
                    t.setAttribute('aria-selected', 'false');
                });

                // Hide all panels
                document.querySelectorAll('[role="tabpanel"]').forEach(p => {
                    p.hidden = true;
                });

                // Select clicked tab
                tab.setAttribute('aria-selected', 'true');

                // Show corresponding panel
                const panelId = tab.getAttribute('aria-controls');
                document.getElementById(panelId).hidden = false;
            });

            // Handle keyboard events
            tab.addEventListener('keydown', e => {
                const tabs = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('[role="tab"]'));
                const index = tabs.indexOf(tab);

                // Left/Right arrow keys navigate between tabs
                if (e.key === 'ArrowRight') {
                    const nextTab = tabs[(index + 1) % tabs.length];
                    nextTab.focus();
                    nextTab.click();
                    e.preventDefault();
                }

                if (e.key === 'ArrowLeft') {
                    const prevTab = tabs[(index - 1 + tabs.length) % tabs.length];
                    prevTab.focus();
                    prevTab.click();
                    e.preventDefault();
                }
            });
        });

        // Make the skip link work by setting focus
        document.querySelector('.skip-link').addEventListener('click', function(e) {
            e.preventDefault();
            const target = document.querySelector(this.getAttribute('href'));
            target.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');
            target.focus();
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>